- Decision-Rule Sheet for Acquisition & Fluency-Building
- Decision-Rule Sheet for Generalization
- Goal Description Form
- IS Plan Sheet
- Measurement / Assessment / Evaluation Description Form
- Progress Record Sheet
- Say Facts
- Standard Celeration Chart
- Notes
- Reading materials (ordered alphabetically by author)
Owen R. White, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus
Email: whitepeggy4@gmail.com
Special Education Area, College of Education
University of Washington
Purpose of Site
While Owen was teaching classes at the University of Washington, people from all over the world used his class sites for the information on Precision Teaching.
When Owen retired he wanted to make sure the most important information was still available. Owen died unexpectedly in March 2012. The College of Education at the University of Washington is making this space available to be sure people can still find Owen’s information. If you see anything that needs correcting or know items that he provided and you would like to have available, please use the e-mail. Peggy White, Owen’s wife, will respond and work with you to add it.
Materials
Decision-Rule Sheet for Acquisition & Fluency-Building
A one-page graphic summary of the University of Washington decision rules for deciding if, when, and what to change in a learner's program to facilitate continued progress. Note: the rules must be applied in sequence, starting at the point marked "start" on the page, and following the arrows as appropriate as successive decisions are made.
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Decision-Rules (graphic summary)
To aid in understanding the rules, you might want to read the following:
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White, O. R. (1984) Performance Based Decisions: When and what to change [776 kb]. In R. P. West and K.R. Young (Eds.), Precision Teaching Instructional Decision Making, Curriculum and Management, and Research. Logan, UT: Department of Special Education, Utah State University;
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White, O. R. (1985) Decisions, Decisions [268k]. British Columbia Journal of Special Education, Vol. 9, pp. 305-320.
Decision-Rule Sheet for Generalization
A one-page graphic summary of the University of Washington decision rules for deciding if, when, and what to change in a learner's program to facilitate generalization and skill use beyond instructional conditions. Note: the rules must be applied in sequence, starting at the point marked "start" on the page, and following the arrows as appropriate as successive decisions are made.
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Decision-Rules for Generalization (graphic summary)
To aid in understanding the rules, you might want to read the following:
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Haring, N.G., Liberty, K.A., White, O.R., and Billingsley, F.F. (1988) Generalization: Strategies and Solutions for Students with Severe Handicaps. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Chapters 6 through 9
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Chapter 8: Strategies to Improve Generalization [160k] (Kathleen A. Liberty and Felix F. Billingsley)
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Chapter 9: Decision Rules and Procedures for Generalization [268k] (Kathleen A. Liberty)
Goal Description Form
Used to describe instructional and application goals in terms that differentiate between critical functions (outcomes) and movement cycles (the physical tools that are used to achieve outcomes).
Forms:
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MS Word Version (can save and print completed forms) [48 kb]
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PDF Version (can print, but not save, completed files) [68 kb]
Overview and Examples:
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PDF Sample File [80 kb]
IS Plan Sheet
The "Is Plan Sheet" is used to describe what "is" going on during a program or observation. The terms used on the plan sheet are purely descriptive — no assumptions need be made about what "does" affect the behavior. That will be determined by examining the effect of the plan on the behavior we target for change. The terms used on this version of the plan sheet are a combination of terms introduced by O.R. Lindsley for Precision Teaching, adaptations of the concept of establishing operations introduced by J. Michael for applied behavior analysis, and an analysis of behavioral terminology conducted by O. White for the Glossary of Behavioral Terminology.
Blank forms for the Is Plan and a description of its elements can be downloaded using the links provided below. Remember that only MS Word versions of forms allow you to save any information you record on the forms. PDF forms must be printed, and will lose any information you enter when you try to save the file.
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MS Word IS Plan Form [52 kb] (can save & print completed forms).
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PDF IS Plan Form [96 kb] (can print completed forms, but not save them).
Measurement / Assessment / Evaluation Description Form
Used to describe an instrument or process for gathering, organizing, and/or evaluating information concerning a student.
Form:
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PDF version [44 kb] (can print completed forms but not save them).
Overview:
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PDF file providing an overview of the form [116 kb]
Example:
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Beck Depression Inventory [84 kb]
Progress Record Sheet
Used to record the results of assessments and observations. Two versions and an overview are available:
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Progress Record Sheet, PDF Version. [148 kb] (can print, but not save, completed file).
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Progress Record Sheet, MS Word Version. [172 kb] (can print, save, and retrieve completed files).
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Progress Record Sheet Overview. [124 kb] A brief overview of how to complete a Progress Record.
Say Facts
Lists of "facts" (stimulus-response combinations) to be learned by each student. The ordered list presents the facts in the order with which they are discussed in class. The final assessment of student performance (conducted by the instructor) will employ one of the three random lists provided.
Brooke Freeburg, of the EDSPE 510 Class of Winter 2008, prepared a PowerPoint presentation that might be useful in studying the facts. It covers all the facts except WF#8: Application. Thank you, Brooke: Brooke’s Say Fact PowerPoint Study Aid
Standard Celeration Chart
A facsimile of the Standard Celeration Chart used in Precision Teaching, and a "Chartbook" describing its use, can be downloaded using the links provided below. This version of the chart might differ in some details from the standard chart sold by Behavior Research Company (Box3351, Kansas City, KS 66103), but should represent a close approximation in the size and proportions of the chart’s grid.
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The Chartbook
An overview of standard celeration charting conventions and practices [2.2 Mb]
Notes
The downloadable blank chart provided here is designed to serve as a backup for people who need a chart quickly. However, printing charts from the downloaded master provided here can be pretty expensive. If you use more than a few charts each year, I strongly encourage you to order in bulk directly from Behavior Research Company (Box3351, Kansas City, KS 66103).
Precision Teaching Readings
Reading materials (ordered alphabetically by author)
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Binder, C. (1996). Behavioral Fluency: Evolution of a New Paradigm [284k]. The Behavior Analyst. 19(2) 163-197.
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Haring, N.G., Liberty, K.A., White, O.R., and Billingsley, F.F. (1988). Generalization: Strategies and Solutions for Students with Severe Handicaps. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Chapters 6 through 9: Chapter 6: Writing Objectives for Generalization [56k] (Felix F. Billingsley)
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Chapter 7: Probing Skill Use [84k] (Owen R. White)
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Chapter 8: Strategies to Improve Generalization [160k] (Kathleen A. Liberty and Felix F. Billingsley)
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Chapter 9: Decision Rules and Procedures for Generalization [268k]
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Kathleen A. Liberty) CELL Lindsley & Precision Teaching (Athabasca University Psychology Server, 2000) [316k] .
- This article gives some interesting historical background. Lindsley, O. R. (1992). Precision teaching: Discoveries and effects. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 51-57 [260k].
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White, O. R. (1984) Performance Based Decisions: When and what to change [776 kb]. In R. P. West and K.R. Young (Eds.), Precision Teaching Instructional Decision Making, Curriculum and Management, and Research. Logan, UT: Department of Special Education, Utah State University.
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White, O. R. (1980) Adaptive performance objectives: Form vs. function [296 kb]. In W. Sailor, B. Wilcox, and L. Brown, Methods of instruction for severely handicapped students. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes, pp. 47-70.
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White, O. R. (1984-85) Aim*Star Wars: Episodes I through V [812 kb]. Journal of Precision Teaching , 5(3), 55-64; 5(4), 86-93; 6(1), 7-12; 6(2), 30-34
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White, O. R. (1985) Decisions, Decisions [268k]. British Columbia Journal of Special Education, Vol. 9, pp. 305-320.
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White, O. R. (1986) Precision Teaching -- Precision Learning. [1.1mb] Exceptional Children, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 522-534.
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White, O.R. (2012) The Finder Book for the Standard Celeration Chart.
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White, O.R. (2012) The Standard Celeration Chart: An overview of its features and conventions (aka, The Chartbook).